LipedemaCare

对酮饮食对脂肪水肿影响的详细研究

2026/4/28

酮症饮食的基本原则及与脂肪水肿的关系

酮症饮食被定义为一种以低碳水化合物和高脂肪为特征的饮食方式。该饮食的基本目的是将身体的能量来源从葡萄糖转化为酮体。脂肪水肿是一种通常在女性中出现的状态,以下肢过量脂肪积聚为特征。近年来,酮症饮食对脂肪水肿的影响已成为研究主题,并且出现了相矛盾的发现。一些研究表明,酮症饮食可能对脂肪水肿个体的脂肪成分产生积极影响 [1]。

酮症饮食对炎症的积极影响也引起了关注。脂肪水肿的病理生理通常与慢性炎症相关,在这种情况下,酮症饮食的抗炎特性可能提供一种管理这种状况的潜在策略 [2]。然而,酮症饮食在实施过程中一些个体观察到的副作用及其长期影响尚未明确。

本文将全面讨论酮症饮食对脂肪水肿的影响、潜在益处及可能的危害。此外,还将讨论脂肪水肿的保护作用、代谢影响及对治疗的不同观点。

酮症饮食对脂肪水肿的积极影响

酮症饮食对脂肪水肿的积极影响已在多个研究中得到探讨。例如,Lundanes及其同事(2024)进行的一项研究详细探讨了低碳水化合物饮食对脂肪水肿女性的疼痛和生活质量的影响。这项研究中,参与者的疼痛水平观察到显著减少 [3]。

酮症饮食对脂肪组织的影响也非常重要。Jeziorek及其同事(2023)的研究显示,低碳水化合物饮食能积极影响身体成分。脂肪水肿个体在进行酮症饮食后,腿部体积减小及总体脂肪百分比下降 [4]。这些发现支持了酮症饮食在脂肪水肿治疗中的潜在益处。

酮症饮食的另一个优势是降低胰岛素水平的能力。脂肪水肿与胰岛素抵抗相关,因此管理胰岛素水平可能有助于脂肪水肿个体的治疗。低碳水化合物摄入能够有效降低胰岛素水平,从而减少脂肪储存 [5]。

酮症饮食的潜在危害及副作用

虽然酮症饮食有一些积极影响,但也应考虑其潜在的危害和副作用。特别是,长期应用可能对新陈代谢产生负面影响。长期使用酮症饮食可能导致维生素和矿物质缺乏,这可能会导致脂肪水肿个体出现额外健康问题 [6]。

另一个关注点是酮症饮食的心理影响。低碳水化合物摄入可能导致某些个体情绪变化和饮食失调。尤其是脂肪水肿个体对此可能更加敏感。因此,制定饮食计划时,结合心理支持至关重要 [3]。

此外,由于脂肪水肿特有的病理生理特点,酮症饮食在不同个体中未必会产生相同的积极效果。基因和激素差异可能改变饮食的效果。因此,在考虑酮症饮食作为脂肪水肿治疗的一线治疗时,应采取个性化方法 [7]。

脂肪水肿的保护作用:从代谢角度评估

尽管脂肪水肿通常被视为一种消极状态,但一些研究者提出该状态可能具有保护作用。Amato(2025)进行的一项研究指出,脂肪水肿可能充当能量储存和慢性炎症方面的保护机制 [8]。这种观点促使脂肪水肿被视为在妊娠期间以保护身体为目的的适应性发展。

在这种情况下,脂肪水肿的脂肪组织可能类似于妊娠期间的脂肪组织,充当身体的能量储备。这可能增强身体应对压力状况的能力。脂肪水肿是身体脂肪储存机制的反映,在特定情况下可能具有保护作用的观点需要更多研究 [9]。

此外,还应考虑脂肪水肿对炎症的影响。脂肪水肿个体的脂肪组织可能导致炎症性细胞因子的释放。然而,这种情况对身体整体健康的积极或消极影响尚未明确。因此,脂肪水肿的保护作用及其在临床管理中的评估是一项重要的讨论主题 [10]。

营养方法与脂肪水肿管理

除了酮症饮食外,还建议在管理脂肪水肿时采取不同的营养方法。低脂饮食、地中海饮食和其他饮食方案被认为是管理脂肪水肿的替代选择。De Oliveira及其同事(2025)进行的一项系统评审评估了这些饮食对脂肪水肿的影响,并表明某些饮食能够改善患者的整体健康状况 [2]。

此外,个体的饮食偏好和文化因素也可能影响饮食选择。在脂肪水肿治疗中考虑个体差异可以提高治疗过程的成功率。因此,建议采取多学科的方法;营养师、物理治疗师和心理学家可以共同为脂肪水肿个体制定合适的策略 [11]。

总之,在脂肪水肿的管理中,酮症饮食等特殊饮食方法以及针对个体需求的定制营养计划的制定至关重要。这不仅关注身体症状,还关注心理健康状况,从而提供综合的方法。

临床试验与未来研究

评估酮症饮食对脂肪水肿影响的临床试验在提升该领域的知识积累中至关重要。近年来,已开展了多项随机对照研究,研究酮症饮食对脂肪水肿女性的影响。这些研究结果表明,酮症饮食在脂肪水肿个体中对疼痛、脂肪成分和生活质量产生了积极影响 [5][6]。

未来研究应包括酮症饮食的长期影响、副作用以及与其他饮食方法的比较。此外,对脂肪水肿的病理生理进行更多研究,可能有助于开发该状况的管理新策略 [12]。

总之,酮症饮食及其他营养方法对脂肪水肿的影响应在多学科框架下进行讨论,并应开发个性化的解决方案。应根据个体的健康状况、基因组成和心理需求提出有效且可持续的治疗方法。

参考文献

  1. Amato ACM, Amato JLS, Benitti DA (2024). The Efficacy of Ketogenic Diets (Low Carbohydrate; High Fat) as a Potential Nutritional Intervention for Lipedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Nutrients. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193276
  2. de Oliveira J, de Paula ACP, Guimarães VHD (2025). Clinical or cultural? Dietary interventions for lipedema: a systematic review.. Maturitas. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2025.108716
  3. Lundanes J, Sandnes F, Gjeilo KH, Hansson P, Salater S, Martins C, Nymo S (2024). Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on pain and quality of life in female patients with lipedema: a randomized controlled trial.. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.24026
  4. Jeziorek M, Chachaj A, Sowicz M, Adaszyńska A, Truszyński A, Putek J, Kujawa K, Szuba A (2023). The Benefits of Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat (LCHF) Diet on Body Composition, Leg Volume, and Pain in Women with Lipedema.. Journal of obesity. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5826630
  5. Lundanes J, Storliløkken GE, Solem MS, Dankel SN, Tangvik RJ, Ødegård R, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Martins C, Nymo S (2025). Gastrointestinal hormones and subjective ratings of appetite after low-carbohydrate vs low-fat low-energy diets in females with lipedema - A randomized controlled trial.. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.018
  6. Lundanes J, Naustvoll TG, Tangvik RJ, Martins C, Nymo S. (2025). Hedonic hunger and eating behavior after low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets in females with lipedema and obesity.. Europe PMC.https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1716592
    摘要
    <h4>Introduction</h4>Lipedema is a chronic female disease, characterized by an excessive accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the limbs and is commonly mistaken for obesity, although the two conditions often coexist. Obesity is associated with increased hedonic hunger and dysfunctional eating behavior. However, these aspects have not been investigated in females with lipedema and obesity.<h4>Objectives</h4>The objective of this secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial was to compare changes in hedonic hunger and eating behavior following two different low-energy diets, low-carbohydrate (CHO) or low-fat, in females with lipedema and obesity.<h4>Methods</h4>Females with lipedema and obesity (body mass index (BMI) 30-45 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomized to two different low-energy diets (1,200 kcal), low-CHO diet (LCD) (75 g CHO) or low-fat diet (180 g CHO) for 8 weeks. Hedonic hunger was assessed using the power of food scale (PFS) and eating behavior was assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) pre- and post-intervention.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 70 females were included with a mean age of 47 years, and a BMI of 37 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The LCD group reported a reduction in Food Present (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and in Aggregated Score (<i>p</i> = 0.035) from the PFS, while no changes were seen in the low-fat diet group, with changes in Food Present over time being significantly different between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.050). The low-fat diet group reported increases in Restrained Eating from the DEBQ (<i>p</i> = 0.036) while only the LCD group reported decreases in Diffuse Emotions (<i>p</i> = 0.040), however, no differences between groups were found.<h4>Conclusion</h4>A LCD may induce more favorable changes in hedonic hunger and eating behavior than an isocaloric low-fat diet in females with lipedema, which may be related to altered metabolic signaling pathways related to satiety and reward.
  7. Lundanes J, Nes VF, Aakervik O, Ryan L, Hansson P, Rokstad AM, Martins C, Nymo S (2025). Changes in Cytokines and Fibrotic Growth Factors after Low-Carbohydrate or Low-Fat Low-Energy Diets in Females with Lipedema.. Current developments in nutrition. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104571
  8. Amato AC. (2025). The Evolutionary Theory of Lipedema: A Perspective on Energy Storage and Chronic Inflammation.. Europe PMC.https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.88809
    摘要
    Lipedema, characterized by the disproportionate accumulation of fat in the lower extremities, pain, and tenderness, is frequently misdiagnosed and underestimated. This evolutionary perspective reframes lipedema as an ancestral adaptive mechanism for energy storage, crucial in prehistory for female survival during periods of food scarcity. Subcutaneous fat, predominant in lipedema, conferred energetic, thermoregulatory, and cardioprotective advantages - especially for women during pregnancy and lactation - unlike men's visceral fat, which is geared toward rapid mobilization. In the modern context, inflammatory triggers such as pollution, stress, and gluten-rich diets exacerbate chronic inflammation, turning lipedema into a clinical challenge. Inflammation acts as a warning signal, and its management - rather than indiscriminate surgical removal of adipose tissue, an essential endocrine organ - is fundamental. Extensive liposuction may lead to postoperative adipose endocrine insufficiency, with metabolic and hormonal imbalances. Conservative strategies, such as ketogenic or gluten-free diets, moderate exercise, and stress management, foster a favorable metabolic environment, allowing mobilization of stored fat. This editorial advocates for a holistic and individualized approach, highlighting the connection between lipedema and conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), calls for further research into the interaction between genetics, inflammation, and environmental factors, and urges increased awareness of lipedema as a legitimate medical condition.
  9. Lundanes J, Nes VF, Hansson P, Fristedt R, Landberg R, Martins C, Nymo S. (2026). Changes in plasma fatty acid composition in females with lipedema following low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets and associations with pain reduction.. Europe PMC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-026-01304-y
  10. Amato AC, Amato JS, Benitti D, Santos KD. (2025). Lipedema in Men: A Retrospective Case Series of Five Patients From a Brazilian Referral Center.. Europe PMC.https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87332
    摘要
    Lipedema is a chronic adipose tissue disorder traditionally considered to affect almost exclusively women, with recent estimates suggesting approximately 0.2% prevalence in men worldwide; the condition remains underdiagnosed in males due to limited awareness and scarce literature. This retrospective case series from the Amato Institute of Advanced Medicine in São Paulo, Brazil, describes clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes of five male patients diagnosed with lipedema between January 2022 and December 2024. The patients, aged 31-58 years (mean, 42.6 ± 9.7), with a BMI of 29-42.4 kg/m², all presented bilateral, symmetrical lower extremity fat accumulation, sparing the feet, with endocrine comorbidities present in 80% of cases and one participant testing positive for HLA-DQ2/DQ8. Diagnosis was based on clinical criteria requiring bilateral symmetrical fat accumulation, disproportionate fat distribution, negative Stemmer's sign, sparing of feet, and at least two minor criteria. Conservative management, including dietary interventions over four to eight weeks, resulted in mean weight reduction of 7.0 ± 2.2 kg and lower limb volume reduction of 2.5 ± 1.1 L. These findings demonstrate that lipedema occurs in men with classical phenotypic features, and the presence of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 markers in some cases suggests potential autoimmune components and opportunities for targeted dietary interventions. Conservative management yields significant short-term improvements, warranting larger prospective studies to establish prevalence, investigate HLA associations, and optimize management strategies for male lipedema.
  11. Kuttiatt VS, Anandan M, Elangovan N, Sadhasivam A. (2026). Report of two cases of lipedema: An under-recognized, misdiagnosed, and under-reported disorder in India.. Europe PMC.https://doi.org/10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_273_25
    摘要
    <h4>Abstract</h4>Lipedema is a chronic adipose tissue disorder primarily affecting women, marked by abnormal, symmetrical, and disproportionate accumulation of subcutaneous fat in the lower limbs and sometimes in the arms, with hands and feet typically spared. Frequently misdiagnosed as lymphedema or obesity, lipedema presents with pain, easy bruising, bilateral nonpitting edema, and swelling that worsens throughout the day. We present two cases: Two middle-aged women reported longstanding bilateral lower limb swelling, pain, and varicose veins, without significant comorbidities. Clinical examination revealed characteristic disproportionate fat distribution and negative Stemmer's sign. Laboratory investigations and lymphoscintigraphy excluded other causes of edema. Imaging confirmed subcutaneous thickening, fat stranding, and varicosities. Both patients were advised to have conservative management including compression therapy, limb elevation, physiotherapy and dietary counseling; one patient had significant limb volume reduction. Our report underscores the importance of recognizing lipedema for early diagnosis and effective management to prevent progression and complications.
  12. Giovanna, Pitotti (2024). Lipedema and Nutrition: High Fat Ketogenic Diet as Treatment of Choice. Journal of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Reports. Crossref.https://doi.org/10.47363/jghr/2024(5)163
    摘要
    Crossref indexed source

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