脂肪水肿症状：诊断和鉴别诊断指南

参考文献

1. 1
   Verde Ludovica, Camajani Elisabetta, Annunziata Giuseppe, Sojat Antoanstefan, Marina Ljiljana V, Colao Annamaria, Caprio Massimiliano, Muscogiuri Giovanna, Barrea Luigi (2023). Ketogenic Diet: A Nutritional Therapeutic Tool for Lipedema?. Current obesity reports. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-023-00536-x

   ▼摘要

   This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the efficacy, also considering the anti-inflammatory properties and safety of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as a potential treatment for lipedema, particularly in the context of obesity. Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal and painful fat buildup on the legs and/or arms. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema. However, although lipedema and obesity can coexist, unlike obesity, lipedema usually affects the legs and thighs without affecting the feet or hands, and the abnormal deposition of adipose tissue in lipedema is painful. The current lifestyle interventions are often unsuccessful in the management of lipedema. There is no consensus on the most effective nutritional approach for managing lipedema. Recent studies have suggested that VLCKD may be an effective treatment for lipedema, demonstrating that it is also superior to other nutritional approaches such as Mediterranean diet or intermittent fasting. Lipedema is a chronic and debilitating disease characterized by abnormal and painful accumulation of adipose tissue in the legs. VLCKD has been shown to be an effective treatment for lipedema, especially in the context of obesity, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of VLCKD as a treatment for lipedema.
2. 2
   Annunziata Giuseppe, Paoli Antonio, Manzi Vincenzo, Camajani Elisabetta, Laterza Francesco, Verde Ludovica, Capó Xavier, Padua Elvira, Bianco Antonino, Carraro Attilio, Di Baldassarre Angela, Guidetti Laura, Marcora Samuele Maria, Orrù Stefania, Tessitore Antonio, Di Mitri Roberto, Auletta Lucia, Piantadosi Angela, Bellisi Mario, Palmeri Edmondo, Savastano Silvia, Colao Annamaria, Caprio Massimiliano, Muscogiuri Giovanna, Barrea Luigi (2024). The Role of Physical Exercise as a Therapeutic Tool to Improve Lipedema: A Consensus Statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF).. Current obesity reports. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00579-8

   ▼摘要

   This consensus statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF) provides the official view on the role of exercise as a non-pharmacological approach in lipedema. In detail, this consensus statement SISMeS - SIF aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lipedema, focusing, in particular, on the role played by physical exercise (PE) in the management of its clinical features. Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal fat accumulation. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity, despite presenting distinct pathological mechanisms. Indeed, recent evidence has reported differences in adipose tissue histology, metabolomic profiles, and gene polymorphisms associated with this condition, adding new pieces to the complex puzzle of lipedema pathophysiology. Although by definition lipedema is a condition resistant to diet and PE, the latter emerges for its key role in the management of lipedema, contributing to multiple benefits, including improvements in mitochondrial function, lymphatic drainage, and reduction of inflammation. Various types of exercise, such as aquatic exercises and strength training, have been shown to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with lipedema. However, standardized guidelines for PE prescription and long-term management of patients with lipedema are lacking, highlighting the need for recommendations and further research in this area in order to optimise therapeutic strategies.
3. 3
   Kruppa Philipp, Georgiou Iakovos, Biermann Niklas, Prantl Lukas, Klein-Weigel Peter, Ghods Mojtaba (2020). Lipedema-Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options.. Deutsches Arzteblatt international. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0396

   ▼摘要

   Lipedema is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed; despite an estimated prevalence of 10% in the overall female population, its cause is still unknown. There is increasing awareness of this condition, but its differential diagnosis can still be challenging. In this article, we summarize current hypotheses on its pathogenesis and the recommendations of current guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment. This review is based on publications about lipedema that were retrieved by a selective search in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The pathophysiology of lipedema remains unclear. The putative causes that have been proposed include altered adipogenesis, microangiopathy, and disturbed lymphatic microcirculation. No specific biomarker has yet been found, and the diagnosis is currently made on clinical grounds alone. Ancillary tests are used only to rule out competing diagnoses. The state of the evidence on treatment is poor. Treatment generally consists of complex decongestive therapy. In observational studies, liposuction for the permanent reduction of adipose tissue has been found to relieve symptoms to a significant extent, with only rare complications. The statutory healthinsurance carriers in Germany do not yet regularly cover the cost of the procedure; studies of high methodological quality will be needed before this is the case. The diagnosis of lipedema remains a challenge because of the hetero - geneous presentation of the condition and the current lack of objective measuring instruments to characterize it. This review provides a guide to its diagnosis and treatment in an interdisciplinary setting. Research in this area should focus on the elucidation of the pathophysiology of lipedema and the development of a specific biomarker for it.
4. 4
   Mortada Hatan, Alhithlool Abdulmalek W, AlBattal Nouf Z, Shetty Rashika K, Al-Mekhlafi Ghaleb A, Hong Joon Pio, Alshomer Feras (2025). Lipedema: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.. Archives of plastic surgery. PubMed.https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2530-5875

   ▼摘要

   Lipedema is an adipose tissue disorder that principally affects women and is frequently misidentified as obesity or lymphedema. There have been relatively few studies that have precisely defined the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and treatment approaches for lipedema. However, successfully recognizing lipedema as a distinct condition is important for proper management. This review aimed to examine the existing literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatments for lipedema. The current research indicates that lipedema appears to be a clinical entity related to genetic factors and fat distribution, although distinct from lymphedema and obesity. Some available treatments include complex decongestive physiotherapy, liposuction, and laser-assisted lipolysis. The management of lipedema is complex and differs from that of lymphedema. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to continue advancing our understanding of this often neglected disease and exploring optimal medical and surgical treatment regimens tailored specifically for lipedema patients. In summary, despite frequent misdiagnosis, enhanced recognition, and research into customized therapeutic strategies for this poorly characterized but likely underdiagnosed disorder represent promising steps forward.  N/A.